EU Reaches Political Agreement on Cyber Resilience Act for Digital and Connected Products
On 30 November 2023, the EU reached political agreement on the Cyber Resilience Act (“CRA”), the first legislation globally to regulate cybersecurity for digital and connected products that are designed, developed, produced and made available on the EU market. The CRA was originally proposed by the European Commission in September 2022. Alongside the recently adopted Data Act, Digital Operational Resilience Act (“DORA”), Critical Entities Resilience Act (“CER”), Network and Information Systems Security 2 Directive (“NISD2”) and Data Governance Act, the CRA builds on the EU Data and Cyber Strategies, and complements upcoming certification schemes, such as the EU Cloud Services Scheme (“EUCS”) and the EU ICT Products Scheme (“EUCC”). It responds to an increase in cyber-attacks in the EU over the last few years – in particular the rise in software supply chain attacks which have tripled over the last year –as well as the significant rise in digital and connected products in daily life which magnifies the risk of such attacks.
EU Reaches Historical Agreement on AI Act
On 8 December 2023 — following three days of lengthy and intensive negotiations — EU legislators reached political agreement on the world’s first stand-alone law regulating AI: the EU’s AI Act. The EU considers the AI Act as one of its key pieces of legislation and fundamental to ensuring the EU becomes the world’s leading digital economy.
Agreement Reached on the EU’s Data Act
On 27 November 2023, the Council adopted the final text of the Data Act which facilitates (and in certain cases, mandates) the access to (personal and non-personal) data. The Data Act was originally proposed by the European Commission in 2022. Alongside the EU Data Governance Act (which came into force in June 2022) the Data Act forms part of the EU’s Data Strategy which aims to “make the EU a leader in a data-driven society”. (more…)
Insights from the IAPP Europe Data Protection Congress: Regulatory Convergence on AI and Sidley’s Women in Privacy Networking Lunch
The International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP) held its annual Europe Data Protection Congress in Brussels on November 15 & 16, 2023. Whilst the Congress covered a wide range of topics related to privacy, cybersecurity and the regulation of data more broadly, unsurprisingly a recurring theme throughout was the responsible development, commercialization and use of AI. In this regard panelists explored (amongst other things) what practical and effective AI governance may look like, the role of a Digital Ethics Officer, how to strike a balance between enabling innovation and safeguarding individual rights, and how AI may be used to automate data breach detection and response.
UK Information Commissioner’s Office Publishes Toolkit for Data Sharing with Law Enforcement
The Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) has introduced a toolkit on data sharing with law enforcement (“Toolkit”) which supplements the ICO’s existing guidance on sharing personal data with law enforcement authorities. The Toolkit is intended to function as a tool for smaller organisations to make an informed decision about whether to share personal data with law enforcement. Larger organisations with expertise in data protection are encouraged to refer to the ICO’s data sharing code of practice but in any event, the Toolkit is intended to help provide clarity for all organisations in making decisions relating to this type of sharing.
U.S. SEC Division of Exams Announces 2024 Examination Priorities
On October 16, 2023, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Division of Examinations (EXAMS or Division) issued its annual examination priorities, which, for the first time, was published at the start of the SEC’s fiscal year to “better inform investors and registrants of key risks, trends, and examination topics” the Division intends to focus on in the coming year.1
Latest Wave of SEC Off-Channel Communications Enforcement Actions: Five Takeaways
On September 29, 2023 — the last business day of its fiscal year — the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued the latest in a series of actions charging 10 firms with recordkeeping failures in connection with employees’ use of unapproved applications on personal devices to engage in communications relating to the firms’ business (known as “off-channel communications”).1 The firms charged included broker-dealers, investment advisers, and dually registered broker-dealers and investment advisers as well as one family of firms that self-reported conduct to the SEC. To date, the SEC has charged over 40 registrants and leveled over $1.6 billion in penalties as part of its off-channel communications matters. Other regulators, including the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), have brought similar cases.
The Finalization of the UK-U.S. Data Bridge
On September 21, 2023, the UK and the U.S. announced the UK extension to the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (DPF), which will come into effect on October 12. A new UK adequacy regulation provides that the UK Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology has determined that the U.S. provides adequate levels of protection for personal data in certain transfers and brings the UK within the DPF announced in July 2023. The U.S. Attorney General also designated the UK as a “qualifying state” under an Executive Order on September 18 for the purposes of the DPF. This means that on October 12, UK businesses will be able to transfer personal data to U.S. organizations self-certified under the DPF.
EU Commission Adopts New Rules for GDPR Enforcement: the Beginning of a Centralized Enforcement Model?
On 4 July 2023, the EU Commission proposed a new Regulation for procedural rules to standardize and streamline cooperation between EU Member State Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) when enforcing the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in cross-border cases (GDPR Procedural Regulation). The GDPR adopts a decentralized enforcement model. National EU Member State DPAs are competent to enforce the GDPR on their respective territories. However, in cases with cross-border elements, the GDPR requires all concerned DPAs to cooperate in accordance with the GDPR’s “one-stop-shop” through cooperation and consistency mechanisms. Although these mechanisms establish key principles of cooperation and provide the basis for consistent application of the GDPR throughout the EU, the EU Commission determined more legislative action was needed to increase efficiency and harmonization of cross-border GDPR enforcement action.
UK ICO Scrutinizes Use of Generative AI
Following the EU’s increased focus on generative AI with the inclusion of foundation and generative AI in the latest text of the EU AI Act (see our post here), the UK now also follows suit, with the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) communicating on 15 June 2023 its intention to “review key businesses’ use of generative AI.” The ICO warned businesses not to be “blind to AI risks” especially in a “rush to see opportunity” with generative AI. Generative AI is capable of generating content e.g., complex text, images, audio or video, etc. and is viewed as involving more risk than other AI models because of its ability to be used across different sectors (e.g., law enforcement, immigration, employment, insurance and health), and so have a greater impact across society – including in relation to vulnerable groups.